In Recovery—Steps to Overcoming Addiction.

Road to RecoverySeek treatment. The first step to recovery is to decide to seek treatment. It’s hard for people to recognize or admit they have a problem, even when they are putting their lives – or the lives of others – at risk. It doesn’t help that the brain’s decision-making center is impaired when under the influence of drugs or alcohol.  Treatment may mean medications, behavioral counseling, or a combination of the two.

More at  In Recovery—Steps to Overcoming Addiction.

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Chernobyl Disaster

Image via Wikipedia

More than 80 percent of alcohol problems that occur following disasters are among people with a pre-existing or ongoing drinking problem, Internal Medicine News reported Oct. 4.

Researchers examined data from 10 disaster studies and identified nearly 700 survivors who had undergone both pre- and post-disaster alcohol assessments. All subjects had been directly affected by the disaster: More than one-third had been injured, and 20 percent had disaster-related post-traumatic stress disorder.

The researchers found that 83 percent of survivors who drank after the disaster had a prior alcohol use disorder, while only 0.3 percent of those without a predisaster drinking problem developed an alcohol use disorder. Overall, survivors with a prior drinking problem were four times more likely than those without to turn to alcohol to cope with feelings related to the disaster.

"The preexisting nature of most post-disaster alcohol problems identified in this study would suggest that efforts to identify alcohol problems after disasters should focus on those with preexisting problems," the authors concluded.

The study was published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.

From Join Together

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Self-talk inner voice

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The Inner voice plays role in self-control

Talking to yourself might not be a bad thing, especially when it comes to exercising self-control.

New research out of the University of Toronto Scarborough – published in this month’s edition of Acta Psychologica – shows that using your inner voice plays an important role in controlling impulsive behaviour.

“We give ourselves messages all the time with the intent of controlling ourselves – whether that’s telling ourselves to keep running when we’re tired, to stop eating even though we want one more slice of cake, or to refrain from blowing up on someone in an argument,” says Alexa Tullett, PhD Candidate and lead author on the study. “We wanted to find out whether talking to ourselves in this ‘inner voice’ actually helps.”

Tullett and Associate Psychology Professor Michael Inzlicht, both at UTSC, performed a series of self control tests on participants. In one example, participants performed a test on a computer. If they saw a particular symbol appear on the screen, they were told to press a button. If they saw a different symbol, they were told to refrain from pushing the button. The test measures self control because there are more “press” than “don’t press” trials, making pressing the button an impulsive response.

The team then included measures to block participants from using their “inner voice” while performing the test, to see if it had an impact on their ability to perform. In order to block their “inner voice,” participants were told to repeat one word over and over as they performed the test. This prevented them from talking to themselves while doing the test.

“Through a series of tests, we found that people acted more impulsively when they couldn’t use their inner voice or talk themselves through the tasks,” says Inzlicht. “Without being able to verbalize messages to themselves, they were not able to exercise the same amount of self control as when they could talk themselves through the process.”

“It’s always been known that people have internal dialogues with themselves, but until now, we’ve never known what an important function they serve,” says Tullett. “This study shows that talking to ourselves in this ‘inner voice’ actually helps us exercise self control and prevents us from making impulsive decisions.”

Press release from EurekaAlert!

NB; The inner voice may be helpful to some people in reducing drinking. If one repeats to oneself a limited number of drinks throughout the day one may exercise the self control necessary.

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alcohol

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A group of British scientific experts has concluded that when combining its effects on the individual and on society, alcohol far outpaces other substances as the most harmful drug, the Associated Press reported Nov. 1.

The Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, meeting via an interactive workshop, used multicriteria decision analysis to evaluate drugs’ effects on the body and their impacts on society, including effects on families and on costs in areas such as health care and corrections. Heroin, crack cocaine and methamphetamine were ranked in the analysis as the most lethal drugs to the individual, but alcohol, heroin and crack were judged most harmful to others.

The combined harm score for alcohol was the highest, at 72 out of a possible 100, followed by heroin (55) and crack (54).

The authors explained that the rankings, based on 16 criteria, do not correspond to how drugs are currently classified in the United Kingdom. For example, last year the British government increased penalties for possession of marijuana, a drug that ranked far below alcohol and other illegal drugs in the experts’ assessment of overall harm.

“What governments decide is illegal is not always based on science,” said Wim van den Brink, professor of psychiatry and addiction at the University of Amsterdam.

Yet study co-author Leslie King, an adviser to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs, urged against interpreting the results as a call for alcohol prohibition. “Alcohol is too embedded in our culture and it won’t go away,” King said.

The findings were published online Nov. 1 2010 in The Lancet.

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How Long Does It Take Alcohol Dependence To Develop?

How long fpr alcoholism to develop About 1 in 7 adults who have had alcohol dependence, commonly known as alcoholism, developed it less than a year after having their first drink, according to a nationwide survey of U.S. adults aged 18 or older.

  • About a quarter of people who have had alcohol dependence developed it less than 2 years after their first drink,
  • about a third in less than 3 years, and
  • about half in less than 5 years.

In the United States, most people have had their first drink by the time they leave high school. This fact, combined with the relatively rapid onset of dependence in many drinkers, helps to explain why alcohol dependence is found most commonly in young adults. About 1 in 9 people aged 18–24 have alcohol dependence, more than twice the proportion of any other age group.

The survey also shows that alcohol dependence occurs only rarely among drinkers who always stay within the following limits:

  • for men, no more than 4 drinks on any single day and 14 per week;
  • for women, no more than 3 drinks on any day and 7 per week.
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Elderly Drinkers at High Risk

By Coach | Filed in High-Risk, Older Adults

One in Three Elderly Drinkers Face High Risk of Harm, Study Finds

One-third of drinkers over age 60 consume excessive amounts of alcohol, are at risk of dangerous interactions between alcohol and medications, or have illnesses that can be made worse by drinking, according to researchers at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

A study of 3,308 clinic patients in California found that 34.7% of drinkers were considered high-risk, with more than half falling into at least two of the three risk categories. Patients ages 60-64 were twice as likely to be at-risk drinkers than those over age 80, and risk was also higher among drinkers who were more affluent and less educated.

The findings were published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

From; Join Together

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Drinking and Driving: A Threat to Everyone

U.S. drivers got behind the wheel after drinking too much about 112 million times in 2010.

Whenever anyone drives drunk, they put everyone on the road in danger. Choose not to drink and drive and help others do the same.

Though episodes of drinking and driving have gone down by 30% during the past 5 years, it remains a serious problem. Alcohol-impaired drivers are involved in about 1 in 3 crash deaths, resulting in nearly 11,000 deaths in 2009.

Certain groups are more likely to drink and drive than others.

  • Men were responsible for 4 in 5 episodes (81%) of drinking and driving in 2010.
  • Young men ages 21-34 made up only 11% of the U.S. population in 2010, yet were responsible for 32% of all instances of drinking and driving.
  • 85% of drinking and driving episodes were reported by people who also reported binge drinking. Binge drinking means 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more drinks for women during a short period of time.

Some likely alcohol effects on driving

bac

Adapted from The ABCs of BAC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2005, and How to Control Your Drinking, WR Miller and RF Munoz, University of New Mexico, 1982.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)*

Typical Effects

Predictable Effects on Driving

.02%

Some loss of judgment

Relaxation

Slight body warmth

Altered mood

Decline in visual functions (rapid tracking of a moving target)

Decline in ability to perform two tasks at the same time (divided attention)

.05%

Exaggerated behavior

May have loss of small-muscle control (e.g., focusing your eyes)

Impaired judgment

Usually good feeling

Lowered alertness

Release of inhibition

Reduced coordination

Reduced ability to track moving objects

Difficulty steering

Reduced response to emergency driving situations

.08%

Muscle coordination becomes poor (e.g., balance, speech, vision, reaction time, and hearing)

Harder to detect danger

Judgment, self-control, reasoning, and memory are impaired

Concentration

Short-term memory loss

Speed control

Reduced information processing capability (e.g., signal detection, visual search)

Impaired perception

.10%

Clear deterioration of reaction time and control

Slurred speech, poor coordination, and slowed thinking

Reduced ability to maintain lane position and brake appropriately

.15%

Far less muscle control than normal

Vomiting may occur (unless this level is reached slowly or a person has developed a tolerance
for alcohol)

Major loss of balance

Substantial impairment in vehicle control, attention to driving task, and in necessary visual and auditory information processing

*Information in this table shows the BAC level at which the effect usually is first observed, and has been gathered from a variety of sources including the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the American Medical Association, the National Commission Against Drunk Driving, and webMD.

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“When a child has substance abuse issues, the whole family needs support,” says Ken Winters, PhD, Director of the Center for Adolescent Substance Abuse Research, Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota and member of The Partnership at Drugfree.org Science Advisory Board. “Parents may need a counselor to walk them through exactly what they will say to their teenager when they suspect substance abuse. If they have not already done so, parents need to establish rules about alcohol and other drugs, and consequences for breaking those rules. They may also need help figuring out whether their adolescent should get a professional assessment. These are some of the things that a counselor on the helpline can assist them with.”

 

 

Full story at; New Parent Helpline Provides Support, Resources For Teen Substance Abuse | The Partnership at Drugfree.org.

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TALE OF A BENDER

By Coach | Filed in Alcohol, Alcoholism, Heavy Drinking, Recovery

This time will be different I’ll just take it quiet ;

No yelling or shouting or looking for fight.

I’ll fix all my business, then have a few ales

And coast along steady and stick to the rails.

First perhaps’ just a couple my throat’s pretty dry

I think that clock’s wrong the time seems to fly.

By jove’ It’s peaceful and cosy in here

I know I’ll be right if I just stick to beer.

Look at that ape’ He’s trying to sing

The way he is acting he thinks he is Being.

I’ll give them something I know they’ll enjoy

A couple of verses of “Oh, Danny Boy.”

To Hell with the lot, no brains at all

I’ll drink on my own, at nobody’s call

Just meditate calmly and get things out straight

And attend to that business before it’s too late.

Hell’ Am I sick? I’m all of a shake

There the Devil am I? What a place to awake

Can’t seem to remember and the ground’s pretty hard

Fancy finishing up here in Bill’s Slaughter yard.

Half a bottle of rum that’s all I have got’

Not even a penny a man should be shot.

A week’s growth of whiskers and pants that are torn

What happened this time? !wish I’d never been born. ~:

The sun’s sinking redly behind the stark hills,

And dread night draws on slowly with It’s horrors and ills

Where will I finish? I don’t seem to know,

In the grip of the grog it’s downhill I’ll go.

Till desperate, lonely and poor as a crow

I heard of AA and gave it a go.

Now I live day by day, a new life’s begun

For an alcoholic misfit, who lived on the run

Ted G.

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Binge drinking Large decline in impulsivity in early adulthood related to decrease in alcohol consumption

Previous studies have found that the personality trait impulsivity, or a lack of planning and forethought regarding behaviors, is associated with alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. For most individuals, impulsivity decreases during emerging and young adulthood. Some, however, do not "mature out" of impulsivity. Now, University of Missouri researchers have found that individuals who exhibited the largest declines in impulsivity from ages 18-25 also exhibited the sharpest decreases in alcohol consumption during this time frame. Understanding why some individuals "mature out" of impulsivity and others do not could lead to improved treatment for alcohol-use disorders.

"In the past, psychologists have viewed impulsivity as a consistent trait over a person’s lifetime," said Andrew Littlefield, a doctoral student in clinical psychology and lead author on the paper. "Now, there is growing evidence that there are pronounced changes during emerging and young adulthood, roughly from the ages 18 to 35. Our study found that there are substantial individual differences in personality change. These differences appear to relate to the range of alcohol use measures and alcohol-related problems."

Researchers used data from a longitudinal study of individuals at risk for alcohol dependence. The individuals were assessed at ages 18, 25, 29 and 35 using self-reported measures of personality and alcohol involvement starting their freshman year of college. From this information, researchers were able to measure the differences in level, stability and change in impulsivity and how it related to alcohol consumption. The researchers used the measures to cluster individuals who exhibited similar patterns of personality stability and change during the 17-year timeline.

"These findings provide clear evidence that at least some individuals undergo significant changes in impulsivity across time," Littlefield said.

In the future, the researchers hope to determine why individuals exhibit individual differences in impulsivity. By examining the relationships between the clusters and alcohol use, they hope to gain a better understanding of the other factors that might promote or inhibit impulsivity development.

"Future studies could examine why some individuals make significant changes in impulsivity across time whereas other individuals’ level of impulsivity remains relatively stable," Littlefield said. "Identifying factors that enhance or inhibit seemingly beneficial changes in personality may inform treatment approaches that could facilitate decreased impulsivity. Changes in personality have been previously linked to several life and work experiences, including relationship and work satisfaction."

The study, "Developmental Trajectories of Impulsivity and their Association with Alcohol Use and Related Outcomes During Emerging and Young Adulthood I," will be published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research in August.

From EurekAlert

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